A hidden child of the Holocaust who was baptized into the Catholic Church to survive the Nazi occupation, Abraham Foxman died on May 10, 2026, at the age of 86. As the longtime National Director of the Anti-Defamation League, he transformed his personal history of survival into a three-decade tenure as the world's preeminent arbiter of antisemitism and civil rights.

In 1941, Polish Jewish parents Yelena and Iosif Fuksman made an agonizing choice in Baranovichi, Poland, entrusting their infant son to his Catholic nanny, Bronisława Kurpi. To hide the boy from the Nazis, Kurpi had him baptized and raised him as Henryk Stanisław Kurpi. For years, the toddler knew only Catholic prayers, a Polish Catholic identity, and the maternal love of the woman keeping him alive. When Vilnius was liberated in 1944 and his parents miraculously returned for him, Kurpi initially resisted giving the boy back. The ensuing legal custody battle over a child torn between two faiths and two mothers became the crucible of Foxman's life. It forged his profound, lifelong understanding of how deeply identity is constructed, how easily it can be erased, and how fiercely it must be protected against the forces of prejudice.

That early rupture of identity, the profound tension between the Catholic Henryk and the Jewish Abraham, defined his worldview and his professional destiny. It drove his philosophy when he first joined the Anti-Defamation League in 1965 as a legal assistant in the international affairs division. By the time he was appointed National Director in 1987, a post he held for 28 years until his retirement in 2015, Foxman had become a relentless sentinel for the Jewish people. He approached his work with the vigilance of someone who knew firsthand how quickly society could turn lethal. Conservative commentator Seth Lipsky noted this unyielding posture, observing that he was like a cop on a beat. One sign of bigotry, and out came the rhetorical or legal nightstick, as reported by The Washington Post.

While he transformed the ADL into a major advocacy juggernaut with a $60 million annual budget and 300 employees, his true power lay in his moral authority rather than his administrative reach. He was known colloquially as the "Jewish pope" for his role as the primary arbiter of what constituted antisemitism in American public life. He wielded this authority across the globe, authoring influential books such as "Never Again? The Threat of the New Anti-Semitism" in 2003 and "Jews & Money" in 2010. His vigilance was recognized internationally, notably when French President Jacques Chirac awarded him the rank of Knight in the Legion of Honor in recognition of his tireless work against antisemitism.

Foxman's unique beginnings as a baptized Catholic child gave his later interfaith work a profound personal resonance. Meeting with multiple world leaders and religious figures, including Popes John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis, to discuss interfaith relations was not merely a professional duty. It was a closing of the circle from his childhood, a bridge built between the faith that saved him and the faith he was born to defend. ADL CEO Jonathan Greenblatt reflected on this extraordinary reach, noting that his voice was heard and listened to by popes, presidents, and prime ministers, a voice he used wherever Jews were at risk, as noted by The Media Line.

Despite the horrors he escaped and the hatred he monitored daily, Foxman maintained a fierce optimism. He frequently quoted Golda Meir, insisting that Jews do not have the luxury to be pessimists, according to The Times of Israel. This resilience was rooted in a genuine belief in human redemption. He often said that if you do not believe you can change people's hearts and minds, there is no reason to bother. He found his most satisfying moments as director of the ADL in witnessing people who did bad things and said vile things turn around and become better people. Yet, he remained acutely aware of modern threats, warning that the internet, which had already destroyed privacy, was destroying civility, allowing hatred, bigotry, prejudice, racism, and anti-Semitism to travel in nanoseconds around the globe.

Before he became a global figure, Foxman had to rebuild his life from the ashes of Europe. After the custody battle, he lived in a displaced persons camp in Austria with his parents before immigrating to the United States in 1950 at the age of 10. Settling initially in Brooklyn, New York, he immersed himself in his reclaimed heritage. He graduated from the Yeshivah of Flatbush, earned a Bachelor of Arts in political science with honors in history from the City College of New York, and received a Juris Doctor degree from the New York University School of Law.

His commitment to memory extended far beyond his tenure at the ADL. He was appointed to the United States Holocaust Memorial Council by President Ronald Reagan and was subsequently reappointed by Presidents Bush, Clinton, and Biden. He also served as the vice-chair of the board of trustees at the Museum of Jewish Heritage in New York City from 2016 to 2021. He is survived by his wife, Golda Bauman, whom he married in 1967, and their two children, Ariel and Michelle.

Abraham Foxman leaves behind a legacy defined by an unyielding defense of human dignity. He took the fractured identity of a hidden child and forged it into a shield for the vulnerable, ensuring that the lessons of his survival were translated into institutional vigilance. He will be remembered not just for the rhetorical nightstick he swung at bigotry, but for his enduring faith that even the most prejudiced minds could be taught to embrace tolerance.